In Germany, over 800,000 people have now applied for a small firearms license. In 2003, the figure was just 250,000. This increase shows that there is a growing desire for legal self-defense and that more and more people want to be prepared.
With a small firearms license, you are permitted to carry alarm guns, irritant weapons, and signal weapons with PTB approval outside your home or property—subject to clear conditions. But what is permitted? What requirements must you meet? How much does the application cost? And what happens in the event of violations?
Here you will find the answers with all the relevant information on application, validity, gun laws, and legal restrictions.
6 quick facts about the small firearms license
- The small firearms license allows you to carry alarm guns, irritant guns, and signal guns with PTB approval outside your home or peaceful property.
- You must be at least 18 years old. The license is valid indefinitely.
- The cost varies between $50 and $150 depending on the state.
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Carrying a weapon is prohibited at public events, including festivals, demonstrations, concerts, and more.
- You must always carry a valid ID card or passport with you.
- Violations of the Weapons Act can be punished with fines or imprisonment of up to three years.
What is a small firearms license?
The small firearms license is an official document pursuant to Section 10 (4) sentence 4 of the Weapons Act (WaffG). The permit was introduced on April 1, 2003, as a direct response to the Erfurt shooting rampage, and significantly tightened German gun laws.
Definition and legal basis according to the Weapons Act
The Weapons Act defines the small firearms license as a permit to carry certain weapons in public. Until 2003, adults were allowed to carry alarm guns, irritant weapons, and signal weapons in public without registration or an aptitude test. The introduction of the small firearms license was intended to improve the control and traceability of these weapons. At the same time, it is also intended to ensure the personal suitability of their carriers.
Difference from the regular large firearms license
The difference is clear: the small firearms license only applies to certain non-lethal weapons such as alarm guns, irritant weapons, and signal weapons. The large firearms license, on the other hand, allows the carrying of live firearms and is subject to significantly stricter requirements. These include a comprehensive knowledge test and proof of a special need.
Validity: nationwide and unlimited
The small firearms license is valid indefinitely and in all federal states. Once you have obtained it, you do not need to apply for a new one, even if you move to another city or federal state.
Authorization to carry concealed weapons
With the small firearms license, you may carry your weapon concealed, but not openly. Visibly carried weapons may be considered a threat or a misdemeanor. Important: The permit is only valid for weapons with PTB marking. The approval mark must be clearly visible.
Which weapons are covered by the small firearms license?
The scope of the small firearms license is clearly defined: It is limited to certain types of weapons with an approval mark. Other weapons are not permitted!
Alarm guns with PTB approval mark
Alarm guns are the main category. They look similar to real firearms, but only fire
- cartridge ammunition or
- pyrotechnic ammunition.
Important: The weapon must be marked with the PTB approval mark of the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (German Federal Physical and Technical Institute). Only then is it considered legal under weapons law and may be carried with a small firearms license.
Irritant weapons with PTB marking
These include, for example, pepper spray pistols. Here too, only irritant weapons with PTB marking are permitted. These weapons are subject to the same technical requirements and may also only be carried outside your own home or peaceful property with a valid small arms license.
Signal weapons with PTB mark
Signal weapons intended for emergencies – such as signal pistols – may also only be carried if they bear a valid PTB approval mark. Without this mark, no permit is required.
Excluded: CO2, compressed air, and spring-powered weapons with F mark
- CO2 weapons,
- air guns
- and spring guns with an F mark
are expressly not covered by the small firearms license. Even if you own such a weapon, carrying it in public remains prohibited! In this case, the Weapons Act applies regardless of the license.
No authorization for live weapons or ammunition
Live firearms and the associated ammunition are not permitted with a small firearms license. If you want to own or carry such weapons or ammunition, you need a firearms license (WBK) or a full firearms license – with all the associated tests, evidence, and legal hurdles.
Requirements for a small firearms license
The issuance of a small firearms license is subject to clear legal requirements. The authorities carefully review every application – without exception.
Minimum age: 18
You must be at least 18 years old to apply for a small firearms license. If you are younger, you have no chance, regardless of your qualifications.
Personal reliability
A key criterion is proof of your personal reliability. To do this, you must submit a certificate of good conduct. In addition, the authorities obtain information from the Constitutional Protection Agency to assess your reliability in terms of weapons law.
Mental and physical aptitude
Personal aptitude refers to your mental and physical condition. Anyone who shows signs of addiction problems, especially alcohol or drug addiction, may be rejected. In case of doubt, the authorities may request a medical or psychological assessment.
No previous convictions for violent crimes
Entries in the Federal Central Register, for example for violent crimes, drug offenses, or weapons offenses, usually lead to rejection. Anyone who has received more than 60 daily fines is generally considered unreliable.
Expert opinion in case of doubt
If there are any uncertainties, the weapons authority may request an additional medical opinion. This opinion will not only cover current illnesses, but also your suitability for handling weapons and ammunition under stress, in everyday life, or in conflict situations.
Applying for a small arms license
Applying for a small firearms license follows a set procedure. Responsibilities, documents, and deadlines are clearly defined—if you are interested in a small firearms license, you should be familiar with them.
Responsible firearms authority: city or county
You submit the application to the firearms authority in your place of residence. This is usually the district office or the independent city. Exactly where you need to go depends on where you are registered.
Application: in person, by mail, or online
In many federal states, you can submit the application in person, by mail, or now also online – e.g., via the BayernPortal or other service portals of the federal states, such as in Lower Saxony. It is best to check with your competent authority directly to find out what options are available.
Documents required for the application
To apply, you will need:
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Valid identity card or passport – for identification purposes
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Certificate of good conduct – as proof of personal reliability in accordance with Section 30 of the Federal Central Register Act (BZRG)
- Completed application form – either as an official form or digitally via the relevant portal
Processing time: 4 to 8 weeks
The authorities need an average of 4 to 8 weeks to review the application. In individual cases – if they are very busy or have specific questions – it may take longer.
No need to show the weapon
You do not have to show your weapon when applying. The application refers to your personal suitability and permission, not to a specific model. This means that you can apply for the small firearms license before you even own the relevant alarm, irritant, or signal weapon.
Costs and fees for the small firearms license
The costs for the small firearms license vary depending on the state and municipality. There is no standard fee across the country. You should therefore check with your local authority in advance.
Administrative fees: 50 to 150 euros
The administrative fees for issuing the license are usually between 50 and 150 euros. In North Rhine-Westphalia, the application often costs around 90 euros, while in the district of Verden (Lower Saxony), for example, it costs only 50 euros.
Certificate of good conduct: approx. 13 euros extra
The certificate of good conduct that you need for the application currently costs around 13 euros. This fee is largely the same throughout Germany.
Fees even if your application is rejected
If your application is rejected, you will still have to pay proportional fees. A full refund is not usually given. This also applies if you voluntarily withdraw your application.
Payment options
Depending on the authority, you can pay the fees by SEPA direct debit, bank transfer, or cash. Some cities, such as Berlin, already use digital payment methods via online portals or QR invoices.
Carrying regulations and prohibitions
Even if you have a small firearms license, this does not mean that you are allowed to carry a weapon anywhere and at any time. The carrying of alarm guns, irritant weapons, and signal weapons is subject to clear restrictions.
Prohibited in public – despite a firearms license
Carrying weapons at public events is strictly prohibited. These include:
- Folk festivals, fairs
- Concerts, cinemas, discotheques
- Sports events
- Demonstrations and political gatherings
This regulation applies regardless of whether you have a small firearms license - violations will be severely punished
No carrying weapons at demonstrations or rallies
Carrying weapons is strictly prohibited, especially at political gatherings. This also applies to SRS weapons with a PTB mark. The aim is to prevent any form of escalation in public spaces.
Exceptions: home, business, peaceful property
In your own home, on your own business premises or on peaceful property – for example, your fenced-in property – you do not need a small firearms license. These areas are considered private space.
Always carry your weapon license and ID with you
If you want to carry the weapon outside your property, you must always carry your small weapon license AND your ID card or passport with you. If you are stopped for a check, you must be able to present both immediately upon request.
Concealed carry permitted – open carry prohibited
You may only carry the weapon concealed. Carrying it openly – for example, in a holster on your belt – can be classified as a threat or a misdemeanor. Follow the rules – otherwise you could face penalties or have your license revoked.
Storage and safety
When you carry a weapon, you have a responsibility. This also applies at home. You are responsible for the safe storage of your weapon; this is not optional, but mandatory. You should always observe the following rules:
- Prevent access by unauthorized persons
The law requires you to store your weapon in such a way that no unauthorized persons – i.e., neither children nor residents or visitors – have access to it. This requirement is for public safety and violations are not taken lightly.
- Store weapons and ammunition separately
Even if it is not required by law, you should store your weapon and the appropriate cartridge ammunition separately. This reduces the risk of misuse, accidents, or theft, especially if several people have access to your home.
- No obligation to have a gun cabinet for PTB weapons – but never act negligently
There is no legal requirement to store PTB weapons in a certified gun cabinet. Nevertheless, anyone who simply puts their weapon in a drawer is acting negligently and risks serious consequences if problems arise.
- You bear full responsibility
Whether loss, theft, or improper storage, the responsibility lies with you. Negligent behavior can result in fines and, in serious cases, even criminal proceedings. Repeated violations will result in the revocation of your small firearms license.
Legal consequences of violations
Gun laws in Germany leave no room for interpretation. Anyone who does not comply with the rules must expect severe penalties.
Carrying without a small firearms license
If you carry a license-requiring weapon in public without a valid small firearms license, you are liable to prosecution. According to § 52 WaffG, you face a fine or up to 3 years' imprisonment.
Violations at public events
The carrying of weapons at public events is strictly prohibited. Anyone who violates this rule risks severe penalties. The authorities show no tolerance in this regard.
Misuse as a criminal offense
If you misuse a weapon or even threaten to use it, you may be charged with coercion, threatening behavior, or aggravated assault—all serious offenses under the Penal Code.
Revocation of the small arms license
In the event of serious or repeated violations, your small arms license will be permanently revoked. In many cases, this means that you will not be able to obtain a new firearms license in the future. This applies to both SRS weapons and lethal weapons with a WBK.
Conclusion: Responsibility begins with knowledge
The small firearms license is not a toy, but a legal permit with clear obligations. Anyone who wants to apply for one must be prepared to abide by the rules and accept the responsibility that comes with it.
Inform yourself thoroughly before submitting your application. Adhere to the legal requirements and demonstrate that you understand what it is really about: control, discipline, and responsible handling of weapons.
FAQ – the most frequently asked questions about the small firearms license
What type of firearms license do I need for sporting or hunting weapons?
The small firearms license is not sufficient for sporting and hunting weapons. You need a firearms possession card (WBK). A valid hunting license is also required for hunting weapons. The small firearms license is only valid for SRS weapons with a PTB mark.
Can I travel abroad with the small firearms license?
No. Carrying alarm guns, irritant weapons, and signal weapons abroad is strictly prohibited – even with a firearms license. The small firearms license is not valid internationally.
Do I need a small firearms license for pepper spray?
Not necessarily. Pepper sprays without a PTB mark that are expressly labeled for animal defense may be carried in public by persons aged 14 and older. No firearms license is required.
How long does it take to process the application?
The processing time is usually between 4 and 8 weeks, depending on the authority and current workload. In individual cases, it may take longer.
What happens if my application is rejected?
If your application is rejected, you can only reapply once the reasons for rejection no longer apply. The fees are not refunded in full, even if you withdraw your application.
Do I have to renew the small firearms license?
No. The small firearms license is valid indefinitely and does not need to be renewed. This also applies if you move to another state.
Am I allowed to shoot alarm guns on New Year's Eve?
Only on private, peaceful property – for example, your own property. Shooting with SRS weapons is prohibited in public spaces, even on New Year's Eve.
Can the small firearms license be revoked?
Yes. The license can be permanently revoked in cases of unreliability, violations of weapons law, or misuse. In many cases, it will then no longer be possible to obtain a new license.
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